Pet care glossary

Pet health and identity come with a lot of jargon. Here are plain-English definitions of the terms you'll meet most often — at the vet, on a vaccination record, or when reading about your pet's breed and care.

Microchip
A tiny rice-grain-sized implant placed under a pet's skin that stores a unique ID number. When scanned by a vet or shelter, the number is looked up in a registry to find the owner's contact details. It only works if the registry information is kept current.
Microchip registry
A database that links a microchip's ID number to the owner's contact details. A pet's chip and registry must match and be up to date for the chip to help reunite a lost pet.
Digital pet identity (DID)
A verified, portable digital identity for a pet that links their records, ownership and history in one place the owner controls — reducing reliance on scattered paperwork and single registries.
E-Passport
A digital version of a pet's identity and health documentation that can be shared electronically with vets, shelters, borders or carers, rather than relying on physical paperwork.
Vaccination
A treatment that helps a pet's immune system protect against specific infectious diseases. Core vaccines are recommended for most pets; non-core vaccines depend on lifestyle and risk.
Booster
A repeat vaccination given at intervals to maintain immunity over time. Your vet sets the schedule based on the vaccine, your pet and local guidelines.
Titer test
A blood test that measures the level of antibodies against a disease, which can help indicate existing immunity and inform vaccination decisions in consultation with your vet.
FVRCP
A common core combination vaccine for cats protecting against feline viral rhinotracheitis, calicivirus and panleukopenia.
DHPP
A common core combination vaccine for dogs protecting against distemper, hepatitis (adenovirus), parvovirus and parainfluenza.
Spaying / neutering
Surgical procedures that prevent reproduction — spaying for females, neutering for males. They also reduce certain health and behaviour risks; discuss timing with your vet.
Brachycephalic
Describes flat-faced breeds (such as French Bulldogs, Pugs and Persians) whose shortened skull and airways can cause breathing difficulty and heat sensitivity, requiring extra care.
Hip dysplasia
A common inherited condition, especially in larger breeds, where the hip joint develops abnormally and can lead to arthritis and pain. Maintaining a healthy weight helps reduce strain.
Luxating patella
A kneecap that slips out of place, common in small and toy breeds. Severity varies, and some cases need veterinary or surgical management.
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM)
The most common heart disease in cats, in which the heart muscle thickens. Some breeds are predisposed, and screening helps with early detection.
Gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV / bloat)
A sudden, life-threatening emergency, mainly in large deep-chested dogs, where the stomach fills with gas and may twist. It requires immediate veterinary care.
Zoonotic
Describes a disease or parasite that can pass between animals and people. Good hygiene and preventive care reduce zoonotic risks.
Body condition score (BCS)
A standardised way vets assess whether a pet is underweight, ideal or overweight by feel and appearance, used to guide feeding and weight management.
Double coat
A coat with a soft insulating undercoat beneath a longer outer coat. Double-coated breeds shed seasonally and generally should not be shaved, as the coat regulates temperature.
Hypoallergenic
Loosely describes breeds that shed less or produce less loose dander and may be better tolerated by some allergy sufferers. No pet is truly allergen-free.
Dander
Tiny flecks of skin shed by animals that, along with proteins in saliva, are a common trigger for pet allergies.
Dewormer
A medication that treats or prevents internal parasites such as roundworms and tapeworms. Your vet recommends a schedule based on age, lifestyle and risk.
Flea & tick prevention
Regular products (topical, oral or collar) that protect pets from fleas and ticks, which can cause disease and discomfort. Year-round prevention is often advised.
Dental disease
Build-up of plaque and tartar leading to gum inflammation and tooth problems — very common in pets, especially small breeds. Regular tooth brushing and vet checks help prevent it.
Wellness exam
A routine preventive veterinary check-up that monitors weight, teeth, heart, and overall health to catch problems early, even when a pet seems well.

Keep your pet's vaccinations, records and identity in one secure place with Petso. Petso · Pet records · Pet health